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The residues of DDT and lindane were determined from 21 sugarbeet fields, and endrin was determined from the soil of 4 gardens. Previously, DDT and lindane have been used widely against sugarbeet pests, and endrin is used to control voles in gardens. The DDT-content (o,p’DDT + p,p’DDT + DDE) of soil samples was in average 0.73 ppm (minimum 0, maximum 2.35 ppm). The amount of DDE was about 5 % of the joint total of o,p’DDT and p,p’DDT. About 21 % (minimum 2 %, maximum 65 %) of the total amount of DDT applied to the field had remained at the time of taking samples. The average lindane content of the soil was 0.08 ppm (minimum 0.008, maximum 0.8 ppm). Of the amount of lindane, which was known to have been applied to the soil, s—loo5 —100 % had remained. The average endrin content of samples was 0.12 ppm (minimum 0, maximum 0.25 ppm). From the total amount of endrin applied to the area, 0—55 % was left. According to published statistics the total amount of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides sold and used in Finland since 1953 is 402 tons active ingredient (see e.g. Markkula and Tiittanen 1969). This amount is 4.5 % of the total quantity of all types of pesticides sold in that time. The use of DDT was greatest in 1960—1962 when the sales corresponded to a total of about 10—12 tons (a.i.) per year. One of the most important uses has been on sugarbeet, the most injurious species of which (Lygus rugulipennis Popp., Chaetocnema concinna Marsh., and Pegomyia betae (Curt.)) have usually been controlled with two applications of DDT in the beginning of the summer. In the 1950’s DDT was used largely also for controlling pests in gardens. According to an unpublished study (Dr. agr. and for. Anna-Liisa Varis, personal communication), in 1965, 1967, and 1968 about 12 % of the cultivated area for sugarbeet was treated with dusts containing DDT. The total area for sugerbeet has been some 15 000—18 000 hectares, about 2000 hectares of this have been treated with DDT annually. The normal rate of application has been about 20 kilos of combined DDT and parathion dust per hectare and the vegetation has been treated twice. About 2.5'ki10.s ofDDT per hectalje per year can be estimated to have reached the vegetation Juid the soil. In Finland DDT or other pesticides have not been mixed with soil in any ||arger amounts. / seeds of Cruciferpyrfs plants have relatively often been treated with lindane against the P?rpfiottila. jpooirSfAt the end of the 1960's seed treatment against the Lygus species was likewise started. The amount oflindane for sugarbeet has been 10 grams/kilo of seed, and for other plants 80—120 grams/kilo. On the basis of this rate of application about 130 grams of lindane per hectare (a.i.) per year has reached the sugarbeet soil. The use of endrin has been allowed only in gardens and forest nurseries in control against voles. The treatments have been done in autumn before the first snow. The total sale of endrin in 1953—1967 was about 4.4 tons (a.i.) (Markkula and Tiittanen 1969). According to new regulations the use of DDT, since August 31st, 1971, has been permitted only in treating forest saplings in nurseries. Lindane can only be used for the treatment of forest saplings, unprocessed wood, and the seeds and roots of field and garden plants. The use of endrin is only allowed in the control of voles on cultivations of forest tree saplings and forest nurseries. The amount of pesticides in Finnish agricultural soil has not been previously studied. As the use ofDDT, lindane and endrin has been quite common, soil samples were collected in autumn 1969 from areas where these pesticides had been used for a long time. Most of the samples were collected by the Sugarbeet Cultivation Research Centre and by the Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Horticulture. These institutions also gave information on the amounts and applications ofpesticides in the studied areas. The samples were analysed in the State Institute of Agricultural Chemistry.

DDT, lindane and endrin in some agricultural soils in Finland