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In cold climates the processes of freezing and thawing have been found to affect not only the physiology of wintering crops but also the physical properties of soils, such as hydraulic conductivity and aggregation. Some of the latest studies (2, 3,4) show that the effects of freezing and thawing on aggregation depends largely on the conditions under which these processes take place. Both soil moisture content and freezing temperature affect the phenomena of frost formation and thus aggregation. Large aggregates suffer great destruction when frozen at high moisture content (2, 3,4) but simultaneously there may be a build up taking place in the range of smaller sized aggregates which also is pronounced at high moisture contents (3). At lower moisture contents the freezing temperature has little effect on aggregation but at higher moisture contents a fast rate of freezing seems to cause more destruction of large aggregates and less building up of small ones 1). This is apparently due to the size and number of the ice crystals formed, these features depending on both moisture content and on freezing temperature. This study was conducted to obtain more information about the relationships between the factors, air temperature and soil moisture content, both of which affect the nature of the soil freezing and thawing phenomena and thus indirectly aggregation and other physical properties of soils.

Soil freezing and thawing as affected by soil moisture content and air temperature