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According to Haavisto (3, 4), Valle (11), Breitenstein (2), Jamalainen (6, 7), and Pohjakallio & Salonen (10) the overwintering of winter turnip rape in Finland is threatenedby low temperaturefungi, winter frost, soil frost, ice scorch and surface water; in addition, the larvae of the cabbage root fly ( Hylemyia brassicae) can reduce its winterhardiness. In field experiments carried out at Muddusniemi experimental Farm (69° 5' N) in Lapland (10) the stands of winter turnip rape were infected by the low temperature parasitic fungi Sclerotinia sp., Typhula sp., and Fusarium sp. However, the overwintering of the stands appeared to be most threatened by spring frosts, although these were not severe enough to damage either winter rye or most of the grasses. The overwintering of the latter was adversely affected chiefly by the low temperature parasitic fungi, and it was possible to control these fungi with PCNB preparations, although PCNB treatment had no effect on the overwintering of the winter turnip rape. On the other hand, in experiments carried out in South Finland (5), PCNB treatment had a very benificial effect on the overwintering of winter turnip rape. In the following paper special attention has been paid to the effects of winter frosts, and of the Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron infection upon the overwintering of winter turnip rape. The field experiments have been carried out at Viik Experimental Farm in South Finland (60° 10’ N).

On the effects of the club root fungus (Plasmodiophora brassicae woron) and winter frost on the overwintering of winter turnip rape