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Balance of the social development comprises balance of the population devel­ opment. Many other circumstances depend on the population development. When qualitative and quantitative aims for the development policy are set up, the first question to be considered often is the number of the population to which the aims shall apply. By means of the development area policy efforts should be made to regulate the population trend and to influence the factors causing migration. This necessitates proper knowledge of the migration move­ ment, the reasons and aims for it and the effect of it as well on the environ­ ment from which the migration emanates as on the environment to which it takes place. The most distinctive feature of the development areas is a loss of popula­ tion through migration. In the development area of Finland, the population increased until about the middle of the 1960’s. Since then the population has continuously been decreasing, in the beginning at a slow pace but in the years 1969— 1970 very rapidly. The total population in the development area in 1970 was 2 076 000, whereas it was in the year 1965 2 151 000. However, the change has not been similar within the whole area. In the towns and bigger urban districts the population still has been increasing. Thus only the rural communes have been subjected to the decrease, and different stages can be observed also with regard to these. The decrease of the popula­ tion generally has started later in the northern parts of the country than in the south. In several communes of southern Finland the population was decreasing already in the 1950’s. Within Zone 1 of the development areas the loss of population through migration has been distinctly bigger than within Zone 2.

Depopulation in development areas and the effect of this upon the social environment and development policy