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Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T), an alternative design based on conventional CAR T cells, uses a switchable adaptor for a better redirection towards the target site. This technology overcomes the obstacles of the conventional Car T cells system, such as immunogenicity, massive expression of cytokine and fixed antigen specificity. This article introduces universal CAR T cells from both the perspectives of the universal T cells and its modular CAR systems, illustrating the advancement of universal CAR T cells to overcome the limitation of conventional CAR T cells and serve as a more controllable and highly promising system. The universal CAR T cells section focuses on the challenges of choosing T cell sources and the corresponding solutions, while the modular CAR system section summarizes the different types of switchable adaptors in combination with clinical applications in various types of cancer treatments. Overall, universal CAR T cells therapy is a novel development that not only out-competes but also recovers the shortage of the conventional CAR T cells system. With the use of switchable adaptors, the universal CAR T cells system is commercially beneficial for the public and a safe product to allow the industry to expand the clinical application of different types of cancers.

Universal CAR T cell: engineering of universal T cell, modular CAR system, and applications