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In recent years, the issue of language transfer has attracted widespread attention in academic circles. In the process of College Russian teaching, language transfer is an important factor affecting Russian teaching. Firstly, this paper tries to give a brief overview of language transfer. Then it compares the phonetics, vocabulary and syntax of three languages: Russian, English and Chinese. Finally, it analyses the personal and social factors that affect language transfer, so as to help students make good use of the positive transfer of English and Chinese to Russian in Russian learning and effectively restrain the negative transfer. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on teaching reform, the problem of teaching in the context of language transfer has aroused widespread concern in society. Language transfer is a complex phenomenon in language learning. Language transfer can be used to explain the language contact and language change between different nationalities in history. 1. Basic Overview of Language Transfer In the 1950s, the theory of language transfer was proposed. It refers to the phenomenon that learners, who do not understand or are not familiar with the rules of the target language, often consciously or unconsciously use the sentence patterns and communication strategies of their mother tongue to process the information of the target language in their second or foreign language learning. With the deepening of people's understanding and practice, the theory of language transfer has gone beyond the original category of "mother tongue transfer" and began to pay attention to the interaction of more complex cognitive and psycho social factors. Language transfer can be divided into positive transfer and negative transfer. Positive transfer refers to the positive influence of the language knowledge or skills already mastered on the language knowledge or skills to be learned. When some characteristics of the mother tongue are similar or completely consistent with the target language, positive transfer will occur. Negative transfer refers to the negative influence of the language knowledge or skills already mastered on the language knowledge or skills to be learned. When some characteristics of the mother tongue are different from the target language, negative transfer will occur. As early as the 1960s, academic circles began to study second language acquisition, which greatly promoted language teaching. (He Jingling, Li Angling, 2009:49) Behaviorist psychology holds that in the process of foreign language learning, the original language habits have an impact on the 2019 International Conference on Arts, Management, Education and Innovation (ICAMEI 2019) Published by CSP © 2019 the Authors 246 establishment and formation of new language habits. It is explained by the theory of language transfer that the acquisition of new knowledge is based on the original knowledge, and the former learning task will affect the latter. The aim of foreign language teaching is to help students acquire the knowledge of target language to the maximum extent, so that they can keep close to the ability of using target language as their mother tongue. 2. Language Transfer in Russian Teaching At present, most of the students enrolled by Russian majors in major universities in China learn English at the middle school stage, and they begin to learn Russian after entering the university. Six years of English learning in middle school laid the foundation for these Russian students. According to the study of linguistic typology, there are many similarities between languages. This kind of common thing helps to learn another language. English and Russian belong to inflectional language, so English knowledge will have a positive impact on Russian majors, that is, the positive transfer of language. In addition, Chinese is an isolated language, and these students will unconsciously use their mother tongue knowledge to learn Russian, which will have a certain negative impact on Russian learning, that is, the negative transfer of language. Therefore, in Russian teaching, we should pay attention to guiding students, cultivating studentship sense, promoting the positive transfer of language, avoiding the negative transfer of language, so that students can skillfully and accurately use Russian thinking mode to make sentences. As shown in figure 1: Figure 1. Language Transfer in Russian Teaching

A Study of Language Transfer between Chinese and English to Russian as a Second Foreign Language