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The interest in the human body physiological capacity to adapt to extreme heat and cold conditions has increased enormously in the last few decades because of global warming and the consequent changing temperatures. The human body has multiple thermoregulatory mechanisms to counter the external extreme temperatures whose main objective is to keep temperature homeostasis within normal values. As exposure time to these stressful conditions increases and the external temperature becomes even more extreme, the body systems start adapting to its environment progressively. All of the adaptations, at the beginning of the exposure somewhat irrelevant, may become very important since they can affect all of the body systems in a negative manner and finally, compromise life. Clinically, all of these responses and adaptations are manifested through clinical signs and symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how human physiology adapts during extreme heat and cold conditions to maintain temperature homeostasis and its consequences when this cannot be achieved.

Human Physiology in Extreme Heat and Cold