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The co-infection of Tuberculosis with HIV has continually placed an immense burden on public health systems, mostly in Low and Middle Income (LMIC) countries. We present a geographical analysis of current intervention programs and prevalence rates in two West African states (Ghana and Nigeria). In some regions with higher co-infection rates and dense population, interventions were seen to be relatively lower, relative to other less densely populated regions. A hybrid mathematical and agent-based model for determining optimal treatment strategy for Active TB and HIV co-infection is presented. Deterministic mathematical equations for each sub-model were implemented in continuous models. Analysis of our model output indicates that full treatment of active TB prior to the commencement of HIV treatment could be more effective in eradicating TB. In resource-scarce settings, intervention programs should be geared towards detecting and treating HIV negative individuals infected with active TB disease, as a method of preventing co-infection. ORiginAl ARTiclE

Evaluation of the Burden and Intervention Strategies of TB-HIV Co-Infection in West Africa