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socioeconomic impact. Over the past fifteen years a renewed global effort targeting Plasmodium sp. has led to a 47% reduction in malaria mortality worldwide with a 54% reduction in Africa alone, where 90% of cases are reported [1]. Between 2000 and 2015 it is estimated that the use of insecticide-treated bed nets, artemisinin-based combination therapy and use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine prevented between 542-753 million cases of clinical malaria. The most effective treatment and vector control programmes yielding reductions in measures of clinical burden by upwards of 90% [2]. However, replicating equally impressive outcomes is unlikely given that cumulative reduction in incidence attributed to such programs is likely closer to 40% [1,2]. The success of these strategies has reignited interest towards pursuing global eradication and over the last decade many countries have made considerable gains in reducing disease burden while approaching malaria-free status [3]. Unfortunately, it is generally accepted that existing control and treatment strategies will be unable to impede transmission sufficiently to attain malaria-free status in areas where malaria incidence remains high [4]. Subsequently, as part of the revamped global campaign committed to malaria eradication, vaccine development has accelerated rapidly with the 2013 WHO Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap setting a long-term strategic goal of developing a vaccine that achieves a minimum efficacy capacity of 75% by 2030 [5]. In 2011, the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine candidate was the first to conclude phase III trials and has since received a ‘positive scientific opinion’ from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) with policy recommendations pending from the World Health Organization (WHO). Although recommendations will depend on multiple variables, overall vaccine efficacy remains central to conversations regarding cost-benefit of widespread distribution when considering vaccination campaigns.

A Systematic Review of Efficacy Outcomes Reported from Clinical Trials Evaluating Vaccine Candidates Targeting Plasmodium Falciparum