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Background: Preferences for treatment affect the poor uptake, adherence, and outcomes of smoking cessation interventions. This study addressed the need to examine what smokers like and dislike about smoking cessation interventions. The study aimed to describe adult smokers’ preferences for three interventions: nicotine replacement therapy, brief individual advice and group behavioral therapy, and to identify treatment-related factors underlying treatment preferences. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Eligible participants were given information about each smoking cessation intervention, completed items to rate it relative to four attributes (appropriateness, effectiveness, severity of side effects and convenience of use), and asked to indicate what made the preferred intervention appealing. Logistic regression was used to examine the treatment attributes that were related to preferences. Content analysis was applied to identify additional factors that contribute to preferences. Results: The majority of participants had a preference, with the nicotine gum (45.6%) and group behavioral (54.4%) therapy most frequently selected. Only the attribute of appropriateness (OR > 2.0) was significantly associated with preferences for nicotine gum and group behavioral therapy. The perceived effectiveness, convenience of use and format in which it is delivered (e.g. group dynamics) were additional factors underlying preferences. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of assessing the smokers’ perception and preferences when selecting cessation treatment. Future research should examine the impact of providing the preferred intervention on abstinence.

Exploring the Contribution of Treatment Factors to Preferences for Smoking Cessation Interventions