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Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by high parathyroid hormone levels and calcium levels which is most commonly due to a parathyroid adenoma. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma is very rare and is the cause for failed primary surgery. Common sites include mediastinum, path of vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve and intrathyroidal locations. Combination of imaging techniques including Sestamibi scan is very useful in locating an ectopic parathyroid adenoma and helps to avoid re explorative surgery for recurrence. Here we present a case report of a 39-year-old woman who was referred to us for generalized body ache. On work up, was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a giant ectopic parathyroid adenoma which was confirmed on histopathological examination. Though rare, ectopic parathyroid adenoma should always be considered whenever a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is made.

Giant Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma of the Mediastinum Causing Primary Hyperparathyroidism - A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature