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Heavy metal toxicity has been conjectured as a possible risk factor for and player in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. To test for a correlational relationship or linkage, we conducted a retrospective study of 54 sALS and 26 healthy volunteers who agreed to serve as controls, all of whom were seen at the Personalized Regenerative Medicine Clinic (San Clemente, California USA) between 2011 and 2016. We evaluated clinical laboratory findings including heavy metal content in blood and urine samples, along with serum creatinine, ferritin and haptoglobin levels, by means of inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry and instrumental activation analysis. Disease progression, assessed using the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALS-FRS-R), was generally associated with mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic and nickel burden. In our analysis, we found evidence of an association between ALS morbidity risk and elevated levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and nickel. Our findings implicate and support a linkage between relatively high levels of heavy metals, elevated serum ferritin and haptoglobin levels, and reduced urine creatinine level and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. By virtue of this the authors argue that these may serve as a biomarker to help distinguish clinically ALS from other, symptom similar neurogenerative conditions.

international journal of pathology and clinical research

Atypical Levels of Heavy Metals, Creatinine, Haptoglobin, and Ferritin Found in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Outpatients vs. Healthy Controls: Possible Utility as a Diagnostic Biomarker