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Background: The aim of this study is to compare the detection of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity of pregnant and non-pregnant women in the childbearing age and to understand the influence of pregnancy status on the ecology of periodontal pathogens. Methods: Non-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from a total of 84 pregnant women (including 29 during the first trimester, 29 in the second trimester, 26 at the end of pregnancy), 33 postpartum women, who were chosen randomly. The plaque index (PlI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and attachment lost (AL) were recorded. Periodontal microorganisms including porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), prevotella intermedia (Pi), prevotella nigrescens (Pn) were detected by using 16S rRNA based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Pn was more frequently detected in the pregnant group than in the postpartum group (45.6% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of Pn in the end of pregnancy group was also significantly higher than from subjects in the 1st (57.7% vs. 48.3%, P < 0.05) and 2nd trimester group (57.7% vs. 31.0%, P < 0.01). As the pregnancy progressed, the detection rate of Pg gradually decreased (69.0%, 44.8%, 38.5%), while the rate of Pg in women after delivery was significantly higher (81.8%) than that in pregnant women (P < 0.01). Pi detection rate after delivery was lower than that in pregnancy, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (24.2% vs. 29.2%, P > 0.05). Periodontal status in the Pg positive group were poorer than the Pg negative group, the difference of SBI was statistically significant (1.80 ± 0.92 vs. 1.35 ± 0.81, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The high detection rate of Pn in pregnant women implied the effect of pregnant status on microbiota of oral cavity. Pn might be the dominant bacteria in the oral cavity of the pregnant women when compared with Pi and Pg.

Association between Pathogens and Periodontal Status of Chinese Women during Pregnancy and within One Year after Delivery