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Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the current literature concerning periodontal disease in children and adolescents associated with the most common systemic disorders. The etiology of the systemic diseases, prevalence and incidence, microbiology, manifestations of the disease, oral symptoms and the possible therapeutic approaches will be discussed. Background data: The most frequent form of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents is plaque-associated gingivitis, while periodontitis occurs seldom. When a systemic disorder is present, periodontitis can appear as a manifestation, as the immune system is unable to successfully defend against bacteria. Methods: Medline database (via PubMed) was searched from 1992 till present, using MeSH terms. Moreover, other sources were taken from the references of the selected papers and hand search was also done on the scientific journal Periodontology 2000. Results: According to the International Workshop in Periodontics classification (1999), systemic disorders are divided into hematological and genetic disorders. Hematological disorders include: Acquired neutropenia and Leukemia, while genetic disorders include: Familial and cyclic neutropenia, Down syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, Histiocytosis syndromes, Glycogen storage disease, Infantil genetic agranulocytosis, Cohen syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Hypophosphatasia. Conclusion: This review updates the information of a range of systemic disorders that need cooperation between different medical and dental specialties for the best outcome of the children’s general and oral health. Prevention and correct therapeutic approach are important for the management of individuals that belong to this category.

Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents Affected by Systemic Disorders - A Literature Review