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Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) have unique differentiation and self- renewal potential which makes them a potential candidate for cell therapy in degenerative disorders. However, the limitation of deriving ES cells from embryos and their immune-incompatibility hinder their clinical applications. Fortunately, by introduction of somatic cell reprogramming technology into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), the limitations of ES cells have been circumvented. Therefore iPS cells have been considered as a promising cell source for clinical application in regenerative medicine. However, in many cases, disease-specific iPS cells need genome modification to replace/ repair the defective gene and regain normal functions before any application. For this reason, Homologous recombination (HR) method is one of the best available options which allow proper gene editing without any undesirable side-effects associated with random integration based methods. However, the efficiency of traditional HR in mammalian cells is extremely low which makes it ineffective for gene correction in human iPS cells. Fortunately with the recent advancement of new gene editing tools which allow site specific DNA targeting, HR efficiency in iPS cells have been significantly improved. Among these new tools, ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPRs are the most promising ones. This editorial briefly reviews their advantages and shortcomings and debates the impact of these new gene editing technologies on the future of iPS based cell therapies.

Impact of New Genome Editing Tools on Ips Cell Based Therapies