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Dendritic cells (DCs) have been utilized to enhance CD8+ T cell responses to pathogen-associated peptides for enhancement of vaccine efficacy. CD8+ T cells play a central role in the elimination of viruses during acute viral infection and control of viremia during chronic viral infection. For lentiviral infections such as HIV and FIV, dendritic cell vaccines may be useful for augmenting CD8+ T cell function. Therefore, we asked if monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from FIV+ chronically infected cats maintained the ability to stimulate CD8+ T cells in the absence of exogenous antigen, when compared to uninfected controls. Using high speed cell sorting, monocytes were isolated from PBMCs based on forward versus side scatter gating. Cells were then cultured with IL-4 and GM-CSF over the course of 6 days, and LPS was added to stimulate maturation after the first 72 hours. We confirmed the identity and maturation status of cells by cytologic examination and FITC-dextran uptake. We then assessed differences in CD8+ T cell proliferation in the presence of monocytes / macrophages (M/M), immature dendritic cells (iDCs), and mature dendritic cells (mDCs). We demonstrated that CD8+ T cell proliferation is maintained in the presence of DCs from FIV+ cats and that production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs from FIV+ cats is retained in vitro. Further, we confirmed the presence of virus in co-culture. These results suggest that moDCs from FIV-infected animals serve as viral reservoirs. More importantly, these results support our hypothesis that moDCs maintain the ability to stimulate CD8+ T cells during chronic lentiviral infection.

international journal of virology and aids

Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Cats are Productively Infected and Maintain CD8+ T Cell Stimulatory Capacity