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Background: Red ginseng root (Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been used clinically by many Asian people for thousands of years without any detrimental effects. One of the major components of red ginseng root is ginsenoside Rb1 (gRb1, C54H92O23, molecular weight 1109.46). Previously, we showed that intravenous infusion of gRb1 attenuated ischemic brain damage in rats through up-regulation of an anti-apoptotic factor, Bcl-xL. In the present study, we have investigated whether intravenous infusion of gRb1attenuates spinal cord injury or not. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 250-300g, were used. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was induced by compressing the thoracic cord (Th12) with a 20 g weight for 20 minutes. Thirty minutes later, a total of 60µl gRb1 solution (12 or 60µg/60µl in saline) or the same volume of vehicle (saline) was infused once into the left femoral vein. Subsequently, continuous intravenous administration of gRb1 was performed for 7 days. The locomotor function was assessed using the Basso-BeattieBresnahan (BBB) score and the open field test at 1, 3 or 7days after SCI. The animals were killed at 7 days after SCI and the SCI lesions were assessed histologically. Results: Post-traumatic intravenous infusion of gRb1 (12µg/day or 60µg/day) ameliorated BBB score, rearing activity and neuronal density in the anterior horn of the damaged spinal cord at 7 days after SCI. Subsequent studies that focused on gRb1-induced expression of gene products responsible for neuronal death or survival revealed that gRb1 upregulated the expression of not only Bcl-x L , but also a potent angiogenic and neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 7 days after SCI. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rb1 (gRb1), with putative anti-apoptotic, angiogenic and neurotrophic actions, is a candidate agent for the treatment of patients with acute SCI.

Intravenous Infusion of Ginsenoside Rb1 Ameliorates Compressive Spinal Cord Injury through Upregulation of Bcl-xL and VEGF