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Background: The world has witnessed the demographic transition in which there is increased proportion of elderly (≥ 60 years) population. This increased longevity is associated with the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with adiposity among the elderly in rural India. Subjects and methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 3133 elderly (Men: 1677; Women: 1456). Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were recorded on selected subjects. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 50% among rural elderly and significantly (p<0.001) a higher proportion of women (53.3%) had hypertension compared to men (47.3%). Prevalence of hypertension was significantly (p<0.001) higher among overweight / obese elderly and it increased significantly (p<0.001) with increasing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and age. According to un-adjusted odds ratio (OR), higher BMI had twice the risk of having hypertension among both elderly men (OR=1.9; CI: 1.4-2.5) and women (OR=2.2; CI: 1.7-2.8). However, abdominal obesity, in terms of WC had higher risk (OR=2.6; CI: 2.0-3.3) of having hypertension compared to high BMI among elderly women. Similarly, other covariates such as older age, sedentary physical activity, wealth index in both genders and high consumption of sugar and salt in case of elderly women were significantly (p<0.05 to 0.01) associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension is a serious public health problem among elderly in India. Overweight/obesity is significantly associated with the high prevalence of hypertension in elderly. Therefore, effective preventive interventions, such as healthy lifestyles, regular physical activity and prudent dietary practices have to be adopted during middle age for the health promotion during old age.

Prevalence of Hypertension and its Relationship with Adiposity among Rural Elderly Population in India