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Background: Progressive decline in muscular strength at middle age coupled with the presence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may define hand disability (HdD) as age progresses. However, there is paucity of information on the link between hand grip strength (HGS), upper limb anthropometric characteristics (ULAC) and hand disability (HdD) in patients with T2DM. This study investigated the relationships between HGS, ULAC and HdD as well as factors associated with HdD in middle-aged and older people with T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 patients with T2DM (male: n = 83; female: n = 67) receiving treatment at a Nigerian tertiary Hospital using purposive sampling method. Socio-demographic and physical characteristics data were recorded. HGS was measured using an electronic hand dynamometer while ULAC including right and left arm girth, forearm girth, wrist circumference, hand length, hand span and palm length were measured using a non-elastic tape measure. HdD was assessed using the upper extremity functional index. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 59.10 ± 12.13 years. There were significant correlations between dominant, non-dominant HGS and selected ULAC (p < 0.05). Older adult; OR = 3.34, (95%CI = 1.08-10.27; p = 0.001) and above 5 years diagnosis of T2DM; OR = 2.83, (95%CI = 2.58-3.12; p = 0.032) showed significant associations with HdD. Conclusion: People with T2DM exhibited poor HGS with moderate level of HdD but there were significant relationships between HGS and selected ULAC. However, being older and above 5 years since diagnosis of T2DM are possible risk factors for HdD. The study has implication for disability prevention and designing appropriate rehabilitation regimens for people with T2DM. Regular assessments of hand grip strength, hand anthropometric characteristics and hand disability level are recommended as part of routine examinations in order to identify level of physical disability with the view to preventing disability and institute an appropriate rehabilitation regimen for people with T2DM.

international journal of diabetes and clinical research

Relationships between Hand Grip Strength, Upper Limb Anthropometric Characteristics and Hand Disability in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus