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We consider a family of vector dot products that can be implemented using sign changes and addition operations only. The dot products are energy-efficient as they avoid the multiplication operation entirely. Moreover, the dot products induce the <tex>$\ell_{1}$</tex> -norm, thus providing robustness to impulsive noise. First, we analytically prove that the dot products yield symmetric, positive semi-definite generalized covariance matrices, thus enabling principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, the generalized covariance matrices can be constructed in an Energy EFficient (EEF) manner due to the multiplication-free property of the underlying vector products. We present image reconstruction examples in which our EEF PCA method result in the highest peak signal-to-noise ratios compared to the ordinary <tex>$\ell_{2}$</tex> -PCA and the recursive <tex>$\ell_{1}$</tex> - PCA.

Robust Principal Component Analysis Using a Novel Kernel Related with the $L_{1}$ -Norm