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The article is dedicated to the mass repressions in the Azov-Black Sea Region in 1937. In 1936 the purge of the Soviet party elite of the USSR began, alongside with it major repressions titled “Kulak operation” took place at the second half of 1937. The number of victims in the course of the operation on this territory reached thousands; the stage completion of one process did not affect the behaviour of another one. Unreliable and incompetent leaders were declared as Trotskyists or right deviators. To emphasize the seriousness of Trotskyists and right deviators danger, they were accused of terrorism, although the leadership of the NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs) knew how “dangerous” Trotskyism was in reality and called it among themselves as “toyish” movement. Depending on the repressive policies of the communist elite (transfer of the blow from the Trotskyists to the “rightists”) the local NKVD structures created criminal cases with absurd accusations, framed totally unrealistic political combinations up like the Union of Trotskyists and the survivors of the White Cossacks. Moreover, the role of the white Cossacks 1 Южный научный центр Российской академии наук (Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation), Российская Федерация, 344006, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пр. Чехова, 41, e-mail: andrey_venk@rambler.ru

THE UNION OF TROTSKYISTS AND WHITE COSSACKS, OR THE DEFEAT OF THE SOVIET PARTY ELITE IN THE AZOV-BLACK SEA REGION IN 1937