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Blackheaded fireworm Rhopobota naevana (Hübner, 1817) was observed for its infestation levels in apple orchards of the Kashmir Valley, India. The moth is emerging as one of the serious pests of young apple seedlings with high levels of cumulative incidence (75%) and severity rates (28%). Seasonal occurrence, some elements of biology and morphological detailing of the pest is provided herewith. The damage caused on apple seedling treated for feather induction has also become has also become a matter of great concern. Young apple seedlings treated with different concentration of 6-benzyladenine for development of maximum feathers at desirable heights with appropriate length and crotch angle. It was found that the larvae completely nullify such advantages with high levels of infestations. They completely destroy apical bud of main shoot and thus affect main shoot growth and ultimately feather induction. Резюме. Проведены наблюдения за уровнем заражения яблони черноголовой листоверткой Rhopobota naevana (Hübner, 1817) в Кашмире (Индия). Черноголовая листовертка – один из серьезных вредителей молодых саженцев яблони с высоким уровнем кумулятивной заболеваемости (75%) и тяжести повреждений (28%). Изучены фенология, некоторые вопросы биологии и морфологические особенности этого вредителя в условиях региона. Наибольшую опасность представляют повреждения гусеницами молодых листьев саженцев. Молодые саженцы яблони обрабатывали 6-бензиладенином разной концентрации для максимального развития листьев на желательных высотах с соответствующей длиной и углом листовой пазухи. Установлено, что личинки в случае высокого уровня заражения полностью сводят на нет преимущества таких саженцев. Они полностью разрушают вершинный бутон основного побега и таким образом влияют на его рост и, соответственно, на формирование листьев. Introduction Among Lepidoptera species, 88 tortricid species are known as pests of apple plantation across the globe [Meszaros et al., 1984; Cross, 1996]. Out of 64 tortricid moths prevalent in temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir region, only two, codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) and Archips moth Archips termias (Meyrick, 1918) are reported as pests of apple crop [Wadhi, Sethi, 1975; Razowski, 2006; Bhagat et al., 1994]. However, in recent time blackheaded fireworm Rhopobota naevana (Hübner, 1817) is observed to cause considerable damage to young apple seedlings [Ganai, Khan, 2017a, b]. The species is the sole representative of the genus Rhopobota Lederer, 1859 from Kashmir Himalayas with many probably awaiting to be discovered. The genus consists of 61 described species distributed in the Holarctic, Oriental, Australian and Neotropical regions [Razowski, 2009; Razowski, Becker, 2010; Gilligan et al., 2014]. Various aspects of bionomics of the species have been detailed by many researchers from different parts of the world [Cockfield, Mahr, 1992; Fitzpatrick, Troubridge, 1993; Cockfield et al., 1994; Cross, 1996). The pest overwinters as eggs that hatch in early spring and the larvae feed primarily on terminal foliage, webbing the terminals together, frequently destroying buds, and skeletonising leaves severely, which eventually appear as burned top of trees. The larvae of the species are polyphagous known to feed variety of host plants belonging to several genera including Vaccinium, Erica, Ilex, Malus, Crataegus, Sorbus, Prunus, Pyrus and Rhamnus. The present study forms part of the series of papers [Ganai, Khan, 2017a, b] dealing with the pest from the Kashmir Valley. Material and methods These studies were carried in Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar (34°14ʹ N / 74°87ʹE, 900 m a.s.l.) and Plant Protection Division, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (33°58ʹN / 74°48ʹE, 1644 m a.s.l.). Population dynamics and biological stages of the pest were studied in the field and laboratories using standard protocols as illustrated in Ganai and Khan [2017a, b]. In one of the field experiment carried at Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar (2016), observations were made on incidence and severity rates of the pest on young seedlings treated with summer sprays of 6-BA. The main aim of the study was to produce high quality feathered nursery trees used in high density apple plantations (HDP). The one-year-old ‘Gala Mast’ apple trees grafted on MM-106 rootstock and spaced at 90 × 60 cm were selected. These apple seedlings were treated with varying doses of 6-benzyladenine and 6-benzyladenine plus gibberellic acid (1 : 1) (200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 ppm). The first treatment was applied when the growth of the central leader reached 70–80 cm. During the second vegetative period, the apical section of the main shoot was sprayed (15, 12 and 10 cm in length in the first, the second and the third spray, respectively) using hand sprayer until run-off. Three spray treatments were performed during one week apart. The experiment was set up in randomized block design with four replication and five trees per replication for a total of 20 trees per treatment. The pest infestation was recorded in the treated and controlled plants and preliminary results generated are discussed in the paper. All the material is deposited in Biosystematics Laboratory of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (collection of M.A. Ganai) and Entomology Laboratory of Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (collection of S.A. Akbar). Rhopobota naevana (Hübner, 1817) Material. India: Akingam, 5♂, 1♀, 6.06.2010; Kangan, 2♂, 2♀, 9.06.2010, 3♂, 2♀, 10.06.2011, 12♂, 4♀, 21.08.2011, 1♂, 16.09.2012; Lolab, 3♂, 1♀, 14.06.2010, 10♂, 4♀, 12.07.2011, 3♂, 1♀, 16.09.2011, 11♂, 5♀, 28.08.2012; Gund, 6♂, 3♀, 10.07.2010, 7♂, 3♀, 15.07.2012; Gawran, 6♂, 4♀, 14.07.2010; Kupwara, 8♂, 4♀, 20.07.2010, 3♂, 2♀, 19.09.2012; Sonamarg, 9♂, 3♀, 5.08.2010; Aru, 12♂, 3♀, 11.08.2010, 5♂, 2♀, 16.08.2012; Handwara, 11♂, 4♀, 21.08.2010, 13♂, 3♀, 30.07.2012; Aishmukam, 3♀, 8.09.2010; Gutlibag, 2♂, 11.09.2010, 5♂, 3♀, 8.07.2011, 3♂, 1♀, 9.09.2011; Dardpora, 3♂, 2♀, 16.09.2010; Brariangan, 7♂, 1♀, 14.06.2011; Kundalgam, 5♂, 3♀, 21.06.2011, 14♂, 6♀, 26.08.2011; Batkoot, 9♂, 6♀, 23.07.2011; Thimran, 12♂, 7♀, 31.08.2011; Salia, 2♂, 2.09.2011; Kanalwan, 4♂, 2♀, 6.06.2012; Ganderbal, 2♂, 1♀, 15.06.2012; Karnah, 4♂, 3♀, 29.06.2012; Tangwani, 9♂, 5♀, 5.07.2012; Deesu, 8♂, 5♀, 9.08.2012; Hutmurah, 3♂, 1♀, 4.09.2012; Srinagar, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, 5♂, 6.07.2016, 15♂,

Observations on blackheaded fireworm Rhopobota naevana (Hübner, 1817) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from apple orchards of Kashmir Himalayas