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A keen sense of smell, excellent balance, and a strong desire to please humans are characteristics that have made dogs invaluable for search and rescue (SAR) operations since World War I. The need for land-based SAR is growing rapidly due to an increasing number of natural and urban disasters. There also are increasing numbers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and dementia who may require the assistance of SAR dogs. For these reasons, making the most of these valuable canine resources is becoming increasingly important. First, this article describes the skills of scent discrimination, tracking, trailing, or air scenting SAR dogs use to find people lost or in distress. Next is a discussion about SAR specialties and the rigorous physical and psychological abilities they require of canines. This is followed by the reasons Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) is considered the most elite SAR canine specialty and the veterinary care these dogs require for pre-deployment, common deployment injuries, decontamination, and post-deployment. After a discussion of reported mission-related injuries and illnesses, current research is presented. Abbreviations: FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency; FSA: Foundation Skills Assessment; SAR: Search and Rescue; USAR: Urban Search and Rescue The ability of a trained search dog to locate a missing person is far more effective than any current technology to date. Similarly, the ability of a dog to discern a trained odor from a background of confounding odors far exceeds any other tool that has been developed [1]. The use of dogs for search and rescue (SAR) operations was first documented in the late 19th century when they were used during wartime to locate wounded soldiers [2]. While canine SAR job descriptions have evolved over the last century, their objective has remained the same—to Review Article

Training and Common Injuries of Urban Search and Rescue Dogs