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Sea surface temperature (SST) imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (A VHRR) on the NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 satellites was used to observe surface circulation patterns in shelf waters off the coast of North Carolina. I hypothesized that interannual variation in the frequency and spatial extent of Gulf Stream induced onshore pulses of warm water are a cause of inter-annually varying larval fish abundances arriving at the mouths of North Carolina estuaries. The Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, is an estuarine-dependent species which spawns offshore in 18-22°C water over a protracted period from November to April. A major menhaden spawning area is found along the shoreward Gulf Stream edge in the South Atlantic Bight. The developing larvae must travel approximately 100-150km to coastal inlets where they enter estuarine nurseries. A probable mechanism facilitating this migration is the onshore forcing of warm water masses due to Gulf Stream fluctuations. Using SST imagery, I tracked the shoreward progression of l 8°C-22°C water as a potential location of menhaden larvae over the spawning season. The spatial location of this l 8°C water is followed over the November April spawning period to detect frequency and arrival of these warm water "pulses." Based on the inter-annual variability observed in a larval menhaden data set, I focused on the cross-shelf circulation of the following four spawning periods: two periods coinciding with times ofrelatively very high larval abundances (Nov.-Mar. 198788 and 1985-86), and two with very low larval abundances (Nov.-April, 1990-91, and 1991-1992). Cross-shelf circulation analysis revealed that periods of maximum spawning were associated with large magnitude, shoreward progressing, l 8°C water pulses. Although the results showed that the frequency of pulses over the protracted spawning period did not explain the interannual variability, there was a clear association between onshore pulse movement and maximum spawning periods supporting the theory that these pulses

Water Circulation Patterns Detected in AVHRR-SST Imagery in Relation to Larval Menhaden Abundances in the South Atlantic Bight