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ii ACKONWLEDGEMENTS  v PREFACE  vii TABLE OF CONTENTS  ix LIST OF TABLES  xii LIST OF FIGURES  xiii CHAPTER 1  1 LINKING SMALL AND LARGE STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF SOILS USING SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE LABORATORY  2 Abstract  2 Introduction  3 Laboratory Testing Program  5 Properties of Soil Tested  5 Test Method and Equipment  7 Shear Wave Velocity Measurement  8 Results  11 Stress-Strain Behavior of Weakly Cemented Sand  11 Constant G0/σ'1f for Weakly Cemented Sand  13 Stress-Strain Behavior of Quartz Sand  15 Stress-Strain Behavior of Non-Plastic Silt  17 Discussion and Conclusions  19 Acknowledgements  21 References  21 CHAPTER 2  24 EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE DENSITY TO ESTIMATE THE SMALL STRAIN SHEAR MODULUS IN SATURATED SOILS  25 Abstract  25 Introduction  26 Background  26 Experimental Program  32 Testing Procedure  32 Shear Wave Velocity Measurements  33 x Properties of Materials Tested 35 Results  36 Conclusions  40 References  41 CHAPTER 3  42 COMPARISON OF GROUND MOTION SELECTION METHODS FOR NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES  43 Abstract  43 Introduction  44 Review of Existing Selection/Scaling Methods  47 Methodology  57 Evaluation Criteria  58 Study Sites  60 Site Response Model  63 Ground Motion Database  64 Ground Motion Selection and Scaling  65 Results and Discussion  73 Comments on the UHS  86 Conclusions  88 Acknowledgements  92 References  92 APPENDIX A  95 LINK BETWEEN SMALL AND LARGE STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF COHESIVE SOILS  95 Introduction  95 Experimental Program  95 Tested soils  95 Testing Procedure  99 Results  100 Gulf of Mexico Clay  100 Presumpscot Clay  104 Conclusions  107 Acknowledgements  107 References  108 APPENDIX B  109 LINK BETWEEN SMALL AND LARGE STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF CALCAREOUS SANDS  109 x

UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMALL STRAIN SHEAR MODULUS AND EFFECTIVE STRESSES AT FAILURE