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Encouraging Energy Efficiency: Pricing, Education, and Framing By Carrie A. Gill Doctor of Philosophy of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics University of Rhode Island The US residential sector consumed over 20 quadrillion Btu of energy in 2015, costing households billions of dollars in energy bills in addition to negative environmental and health externalities from conventional energy generation. Reducing energy consumption and promoting energy efficiency are critical for controlling costs, minimizing negative environmental impacts, and ensuring security of energy supply. Regulators and policy makers rely on a suite of strategies to promote energy efficiency and conservation. These strategies vary in degree of control over individual freedom of choice, effectiveness and impact, and political and practical feasibility. In this dissertation, I investigate the effects of three strategies to promote energy efficiency. In the first manuscript, I examine the effects of a time-varying residential electricity rate structure. One challenge of promoting energy efficiency is that the true marginal costs of electricity are not passed onto the majority of consumers who are charged a flat rate for electricity. I exploit quasi-random assignment of TOU rates and use a regression discontinuity framework to identify the causal effects of TOU pricing on four outcomes over the twelve months following treatment for high-use households. Though microeconomic theory predicts households shift consumption from peak to off-

Encouraging Energy Efficiancy: Pricing, Education, and Framing