English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

I like to say that we know a lot about Pacific salmon, but what we need to know most, we mostly do not know. This means that we mostly are not able to forecast the abundances of returning adult Pacific salmon. Pacific salmon catches are at historic high levels, however there is no understanding of why the abundances continue to be so high or how long the high abundances will last. We are not able to make consistently reliable forecasts because we do not understand the basic mechanisms that regulate the population dynamics of Pacific salmon. In particular, we do not understand how climate and a changing ocean ecosystem will affect salmon abundances. In the past, we believed that adult abundances were most closely related to the number of smolts that entered the ocean. It was only a little over 20 years ago that we started to discover that ocean ecosystems profoundly affected production with impacts that were not random. We now realize that greenhouse gas induced changes in climate in the immediate future will alter ocean ecosystems, adding to the complexity of forecasting without an understanding of the mechanisms regulating survival in the ocean. It is important that the problem of forecasting Pacific salmon production be related to hatchery as well as to wild Pacific salmon. Understanding the factors affecting the ocean survival of hatchery fish often receives less attention and some consider that hatchery fish are inherent in the mechanisms that regulate wild salmon survival in the ocean. Recent estimates are that about 40% of the biomass of all Pacific salmon in the ocean originates from hatcheries (Ruggerone and Irvine, 2018). As abundances of all Pacific salmon are at historic high levels (Ruggerone and Irvine, 2018) and the number of hatchery fish released into the ocean has not changed much since the late 1980s (data from NPAFC Pacific salmonid hatchery release statistics, updated 31 July 2018), it appears that hatchery fish are almost of equal importance to wild salmon when looking into the future of Pacific salmon production. Thus, it is the purpose of my presentation to focus attention on the need to identify the mechanisms that regulate the abundances of wild and hatchery Pacific salmon. I am suggesting that this can best be done by establishing international teams of researchers. The International Year of the Salmon can be the opportunity to establish these teams.

technical report

Teaming up Internationally to Optimize Wild and Hatchery Pacific Salmon Production in a Future of Changing Ocean Ecosystems–the International Year of the Salmon (IYS)