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Total sockeye abundance in Alaska tends to be positively correlated with North Pacifi c pink salmon abundance, leading to questions about the importance of competition at sea between these two species. We examined annual scale growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon at sea and quantifi ed forecast error of Bristol Bay sockeye stocks over the past 40 years to test the hypothesis that competition with pink salmon reduces the growth and survival of sockeye salmon. Sockeye growth during the second and third years at sea exhibited a strong alternating-year pattern and was negatively correlated with pink salmon abundance from eastern Kamchatka and central Alaska. In addition, forecast error of sockeye stocks from southeastern Bristol Bay (Kvichak, Naknek, Egegik, and Ugashik) exhibited an alternating-year pattern suggesting competition with pink salmon also aff ected survival. After standardizing forecast error relative to adjacent years, forecasts in even-years were too high and forecasts in odd-years were too low, likely refl ecting competition with pink salmon during the year prior to the return year. Sockeye salmon from northwestern Bristol Bay (Wood River) exhibited weaker growth and forecast error relationships with pink salmon abundance, which is consistent with their more easterly distribution at sea. Sockeye scale growth during the fi rst year at sea was not related to pink salmon abundance, as expected, and the observed greater growth during this early marine period in recent decades likely contributed to the greater abundance of Bristol Bay salmon. These fi ndings highlight sockeye growth and survival dynamics that cannot be explained by physical oceanographic patterns and support the hypothesis that competition with pink salmon adversely aff ects the growth and survival of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon.

Pink and Sockeye Salmon Interactions at Sea and Their Influence on Forecast Error of Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon