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1Mo-VNbN steel When the steel was rolled after heating at 1,250°C,normalized at temperature as highas 1 ,100°C, and then tempered, the CRS was improved without the coarsening the prior austenite (ƒÁ) grain size . It is supposedly the reasons for the prevention of ƒÁ grain growth that the heating at 1 ,250•Ž dissolves Nb (C, N) into solution completely, and the dissolved Nb, then, precipitates as Nb (C , N) during normalizing and acts fully as the inhibitor against grain growth. The CRS was hardly influenced by the prior y grain size, possiblly because the sub-grain size is an effective unit for the CRS, and the sub-grain size was not varied by the coarsening of prior y grain size . Improvement of the CRS is attained through optimizing the precipitation of complex carbo-nitride of V and Nb by the control of rolling and heat treating processes. High temperature heating makes the inter-precipitate distance short , and changes the CRS along with the yield strength. Higher normalizing temperature makes the precipitate larger . In this case, the CRS is higher for larger precipitate, and the yield strength is unchanged.

Effect of Rolling and Normalizing Conditions on the Creep Rupture Strength of 9Cr-1Mo-VNbN Steel and the Role of V, Nb Carbo-nitride