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Tine titanium nitride (TiN) particles precipitated in steel slabs suppress the growth of austenite grains on heating and consequently improve the low-temperature toughness of controlled-rolled steel plates by grain refinement. It was found, however, that the austenite grain size depends on the chemical composition of the steel, or in other words, the microstructure of the slab prior to heating. When a slab of extremely coarse bainitic microstructure was slowly heated, it developed an unusual transformation and formed duplex austenite grains. This unusual transformation can be prevented if the microstructure of the slab is properly refined.

Austenite grain size of titanium-microalloyed, continuously cast steel slabs.