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The substructure and the toughness oJ tempered martellsite alld isothermallyJormed bainite were comjJared among O. /5 or O.3%C-O. 5~oMo steels containing anyone oj Cr, Mn , or N i by / .5 or 2.5% . E ven though the difference in the substructure and in the strel/gthtoughness relationship were not large among their tempered martensites, it became marked among their bainites as the Jormation temperature rose. The hardness oJ bainite was dependent on the Jormation temperature rather more than on the alloying elements, but it was j ust the opposite Jor the toughness. T he bainite in the N i steels was obtained in a relatively wide temperature range with the best strengthtoughness properties ill spite oj its very coarse substructure and also oJ the very coarse carbides i ll it . The bainite oj the M n steels showed the similar characteristics to that oJ the N i steels. In the C r steels the bainite reaction was so sluggish that it was ill a very narrow tem/Jerature range that a completely bainitic structure was obtainable, the bainite being oj a very poor toughness in sp ite oJ£ts extremely fine substructure and carbides. These resuits were considered to indicate that the intrinsic toughness oj the matrix endowed b_v the alloying elements /Jlayed Jor the higher temperature transformation products a role more important than such microstructuralJactors as the effective gra in size and carbide distribution .

The Effects of Cr, Mn and Ni on the Substructure and the Toughness of Tempered Martensite and Bainite in the Low C-0.5%Mo Steels