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In order to develop all. austenitic steelfnr cryogenic usage, microstructures, mechanical p roperties, eSJlecially the low temJlerature toughnesses, and thermal expansion cOlj icients of manganesechromium steels, containing large amount of manganese as all. austenitiz ing element, have been investigated. It wasfound that the 25Mn5CrINi steel, experimentally determined to be the optimum base composition steel, had all. excellent notch toughness and a low thermal expansion coifjicient of 6.7 7.2 X to-6/oC . Further, the addition of niobium, vanadium, or titanium to the base com/losition resulted in the "efinement of austenite grain size which increased the strength considerably but decreased the notch toughness a little. Especially, the addition of 0. 1 % Nb contributed to increasing the tensile strength (TS) up to 70 kg/IIlIn2 while keeping the low temperature toughness VE196 to more than 5 kgm. The addition of nitrogen increased the 0.2 % proof strength (PS) only . The e.lfects of , -grain size on strength and toughness were shown to be correlated in linear relationships with the strength increasing and toughness decreasing with decreasing , -grain size.

Microstructures, Low Temperature Toughnesses and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of High Manganese-Chromium Austenitic Steels