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SCr420H steel is widely used in automobile gearbox gears.1,2) Gear steel should have excellent fatigue resistance to ensure the safety of automobile.3) Improving cleanliness and refining microstructure can contribute to the improvement of fatigue resistance of gear steel. Moreover, machining performance is also a significant property of gear steel, and this is directly related to the processing cost of gears.4) Some previous research indicated the control of “DS-type” inclusions (It is mainly CaO-containing inclusion whose size exceeds 13 μm, GB/T-10561-2005 Standard of China) and improving mechanical properties by microalloying effect are the focus of future research on gear steel.5–8) Inclusions with a small size would be helpful to prevent the formation of voids and stress concentration at steel-inclusion interfaces. CaO-containing inclusions with large size can be easily formed in SCr420H steel, and these inclusions should be minimized as much as possible during production. Ce and Mg are commonly used as a strong deoxidizer and inclusion modifier in steelmaking process.9–17) With the consistent improvement of steelmaking technology in China, T.O can be decreased to a lower level compared with before and some research began to focus on the effect of Mg and Ce on the microstructure of steel.18–23) Both Ce and Mg have excellent ability to refine the microstructure of low alloy steel and it is worthy to study the effect of Ce and Mg on gear steel. However, due to the chemical Effect of Ce–Mg–Fe Alloy Adding Timing on Formation and Evolution of Inclusions in SCr420H Gear Steel