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Electroslag remelting (ESR)-type slag is CaF2–CaO– Al2O3-based system with minor additions of MgO, TiO2 and/or SiO2 to tailor the slag for specific remelting requirements.1) Conventional commercial ESR slag contains a large amount of CaF2 (typically 50–70 mass%), aiming to reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag. Although CaF2 plays an important role in ESR slag, the evaporation of fluoride from conventional ESR slag melts during practical ESR process has always been an extremely serious issue.2–4) Low-fluoride slag and fluoride-free ESR slag not only can reduce environmental pollution, but also is needed for vacuum electroslag remelting which is considered a promising technology. Even though it is well known that a series of problems arise when using high-fluoride ESR slag, the special steel plants around the world have been applying these slags for ESR production. Up to now, only a few studies have been reported regarding the development of fluoride-free or low-fluoride slag for ESR. Narita et al.5) verified that the surface quality of as-cast ingot was strongly improved through improving heterogeneous slag skin formation by adding 20% CaF2 addition in the (47.2–50.3 mass%) CaO-(45.0–48.9 mass%)Al2O3-(MgO) slag. Liang et al.6) Development of Low-fluoride Slag for Electroslag Remelting: Role of Li2O on the Crystallization and Evaporation of the Slag

Development of Low-fluoride Slag for Electroslag Remelting: Role of Li<sub>2</sub>O on the Crystallization and Evaporation of the Slag