English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Electroslag remelting (ESR) is a remelting process with consumable electrodes for the production of special steels and super alloys with the characters of compact structure, homogeneous component and controlled solidification.1–3) Figure 1 shows the schematic sketch of the ESR process. Alternating or direct current flows from the consumable electrodes into the highly resistive calcium fluoride-based slag where the Joule heating is generated. The electrodes is heated by the Joule heating and melted in the form of droplets.4–6) They travel through the less dense slag layer to the bottom of water-cooled mould where they solidify directionally. The ingot quality is dependent on the coupled interaction of electromagnetic field, flow field and temperature field. However, it is impractical to study the transfer phenomena in ESR process by trial and error due to the use of opaque materials and high temperatures. Consequently, the alternative method of numerical simulation has gained more and more attention. In order to enhance the understanding of ESR process, researchers have developed a number of coupled multiphysical mathematical models in recent years. They have studied the transport phenomena by solving coupled Maxwell equations, momentum and energy conservation equations. However, the impact of metal droplets was simplified, Effects of Metal Droplets on Electromagnetic Field, Fluid Flow and Temperature Field in Electroslag Remelting Process