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Density is one of the fundamental physical-chemistry properties for molten slags. It plays crucial roles in a lot of unit processes of pyrometallurgy, including metal-slag separation, slag foaming, heat transfer, etc. Due to the technical difficulties and high cost of density measurement at high temperatures, it is worthwhile to develop an accurate model for density calculation. The density is proportional to reciprocal volume, hence most of the density models are based on different ways to represent the molar volume. In the early stage of density modeling, Bottinga and Weill1) proposed an additive model based on the idea of constant partial molar volume of each component. The model was further revised by taking into the consideration of composition dependence of partial molar volume,2) and found much higher accuracy. After that Mills and Keen3) also proposed a model in which partial molar volume of Al2O3 and SiO2 are polynomial functions of composition. Since then many density models have been developed. A brief summary of these models was presented in Table 1. It can be found that in all density modelings, a common key issue is the description of composition dependences of partial molar volume. Generally, it can be described by the concept of excess molar volume,4–10) geometric model,11–13) optical basicity14,15) or thermodynamic models.16–21) An ideal density model for molten slags should cover Accurate Density Calculation for Molten Slags in SiO2–Al2O3– CaO–MgO Systems

Accurate Density Calculation for Molten Slags in SiO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–CaO–MgO Systems