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Due to their excellent properties of fatigue resistance, high hardness and strength, high-carbon chromium bearing steels are widely used under severe conditions where high compression and a large impact load are repeatedly applied over a long period.1,2) Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an important secondary refining process that involves directional solidification in order to control the cast structure, improve cleanness, and reduce defects. The deep V-shaped pool profile with a long mushy zone produces a slow cooling rate and a coarse dendritic structure, which can substantially increase compositional inhomogeneities at the macro level, and lead to the formation of so-called freckle defects. Freckles are channel-like macrosegregation defects that appear as long stringer structures which are rich in some elements that segregate positively, and depleted in some elements that segregate inversely. Freckles have a deleterious effect on mechanical properties and ingots containing these defects must be scrapped because they cannot be removed by any subsequent forging or heat treatment.3–6) Freckle formation is attributed to complex interactions involving solute segregation, thermal variations, dendrite morphology, and processing conditions, all of which influence fluid flow behaviour within the mushy zone. The probability of freckle formation during electro-slag remelting is mainly dependent on the following factors: alloy comImproved Slags for ESR Processing of High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel