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Sulphur is a harmful impurity for most steel grades. FeS in the steels will lead to hot shortness during hot rolling operations. Manganese is added in steel to prevent from forming low-melting FeS but brittle MnS inclusions with sharp edges can be formed in the steel and often precipitate on the grain boundaries. CaS and other oxygen-sulphide complex inclusions are also easily found in steels. Sulphide inclusions jeopardize microstructure uniformity of the steels, deteriorate mechanical properties and processing performance of the finished steel products. Smaller sulphide inclusions dispersed in the steels can easily become a source of dotting or pitting corrosion and impact corrosion resistance of the steels.1,2) In order to meet service requirements of different applications, sulphur content is limited in some steel grades such as high-grade pipeline steels, offshore platform steels, pressure vessel steels, high quality electrical steels, bearing steels, etc.3–9) Ultra-low-sulphur steels are favored by customers more and more in nowadays because of their excellent comprehensive performance. The Ruhrstahl-Hausen (RH) treatment has good thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for refining ultra-lowA Mathematical Model of Desulphurization Kinetics for Ultra-lowsulfur Steels Refining by Powder Injection during RH Processing

A Mathematical Model of Desulphurization Kinetics for Ultra-low-sulfur Steels Refining by Powder Injection during RH Processing