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Delayed fracture and fatigue fracture in steels cause unpredicted accidents under long-term use. These fracture behaviors have been known to depend on temperature,1,2) frequency,3,4) member shape,5,6) etc. Therefore, we need to understand the critical conditions causing these fractures. In particular, mechanical properties in hydrogen atmosphere have recently attracted attention and have materialized into the hydrogen energy society. Moreover, it has been reported that hydrogen strongly affects the above-mentioned fracture behaviors. For instance, the fatigue crack propagation rate on carbon steels is significantly accelerated by hydrogen,7) and this fact has been noted as a primary barrier to the utilization of various steels under hydrogen atmosphere. More specifically, it has also been reported that the fatigue limit on carbon steel disappears when hydrogen is introduced.8) The main mechanisms of fatigue limit on carbon steels are plasticity-induced crack closure9,10) and stabilization of the plastic zone around the crack tip because of strain-age-hardening.11) In general, hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms are mostly suggested on the basis of the following underlying phenomena: lattice decohesion,12,13) hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancy formation,14,15) and hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP)16–18) which affect the dislocation motions. In addition to these basic hydrogen effects, hydrogen has also been reported to affect the behavior of strain aging of carbon,19,20) which has a significant effect on the fatigue limit of carbon steels. Suppression Mechanism of Strain-age-hardening in Carbon Steel Associated with Hydrogen Uptake