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Due to its good plastic, fatigue and corrosion properties, precipitation hardening IN 718 (Inconel 718) alloy, which is the nickel-iron based superalloy, is commonly applied in chemical and nuclear industries.1,2) However,the application of IN 718 is restricted due to its poor tribological performance. This problem can be solved by the development of advanced surface engineering technologies.3,4) Surface hardening of alloys has been investigated since the past half century. Most of the research was focused on plasma nitridization, gas nitridization, plasma carburization and gas carburization of different alloys.5–19) However, much less attention have been paid to nitridization of nickel based superalloys, in that such alloys are difficult to be nitrided.20,21) This is due to the formation of passivated oxide layer on the surface, which impedes the infusion of alloying elements.22) Moreover, the salt bath nitriding was a highly effective and low-cost method with many advantages such as low nitriding temperature, short treatment time, high degrees of shape and dimension stabilities, and easy reproducibility.19–23) However, the liquid phase nitriding was considered harmful to the environment by lots of researchers. The truth is that the main components of the conventional liquid phases for nitriding comprise urea, carbonate, chloride and some nontoxic trace components.24) So if the NH3 gas and the waste slag are controlled properly, liquid Phase Transformations during Low Temperature Nitrided Inconel 718 Superalloy