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To reduce CO2 emission in steel industry, research and development oriented toward low reduction agent ratio (RAR) operation of a blast furnace is significantly required. Currently, Japanese steel industries are developing an innovative technology for low RAR operation through the Japan’s national project COURSE50.1) In the course of the development, the gas permeability in the cohesive zone of a blast furnace is one of the crucial issues to solve. To improve the gas permeability, it is necessary to control the softening behaviors of sinters in the cohesive zone. The lack of high-grade iron-ore resources is another problem; impurities such as phosphorus, crystalline water and alumina in the iron ore are being increased, and such deterioration in the iron ore quality causes problems for the blast furnace operation.2–5) In fact, it has been reported that the increment in the Al2O3 content of iron ore rapidly increases the gas permiability resistance around 1 240°C Effects of 2CaO∙SiO2 and 2CaO∙Al2O3∙SiO2 on Primary Slag Melting of Sinters in the Cohesive Zone of a Blast Furnace

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Effects of 2CaO∙SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 2CaO∙Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;∙SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on Primary Slag Melting of Sinters in the Cohesive Zone of a Blast Furnace