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With the rapid increasing of China’s economy in recent years, the demand for steel products is changing constantly, leading to that the productions of crude steel, hot metal and steel products have been at the top of the world for many years.1) According to the data2) published by WSA (World Steel Association), the crude steel productions of China increased continuously from 355 million tons in 2005 to 823 million tons in 2014 (Fig. 1(a)). The global sluggish growth caused by the world financial crisis in 2008 and the Europe debt crisis in 2010 results in a slow growth of globe crude steel production. However, compared to the rapid growth tendency in China, the crude steel productions in major steel-production countries remain stable all these years except for 2009, in which the production of Japan and USA decreased temporarily because of the world financial crisis. After decades of rapid development, the Chinese economy has entered into a stage of medium-speed growth since 2007.3,4) The annual growth rate slowed down from a double-digit growth to a single-digit one (Fig. 1(b)). When the annual growth rate of GDP was larger than 10%, the annual growth rate of crude steel production was also greater than 10%, as seen in 2005 to 2007 and 2010. Specifically, steel production increased only about 0.9% in 2014,1) which was the lowest over the past decade, indicating that the crude steel production of China has reached the peak in 2014. Currently, there are more than 260 blast furnaces with an effective volume of larger than 1 000 m3 in China.5) According to China’s experience and industry standards, the blast furnace with effective volume greater than or equal to 4 000 m3 is called large blast furnace. There are 19 blast furnaces Production and Development of Large Blast Furnaces from 2011 to 2014 in China