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In recent years, the steel making industry has expended significant effort on meeting the quality standards of customers. In order to remain competitive, steel companies aim to achieve not only high productivity but also high product quality. However, steel manufacturing processes create a difficult environment for defect inspection because of the hot-rolling processes that involve continuous casting and rolling. Therefore, many inspection steps are manually performed by humans1) or occasional inspections. In steel manufacturing conditions, many methods have been developed to improve the quality of steel and achieve automatic inspection. In this introduction, we briefly mention the various inspection techniques that have been developed for steel manufacturing environments, which include ultrasonic detection methods for stainless steel spot welds2) and ductile iron,3) quality monitoring using voltage signals for small-scale resistance spot welding,4) 3D X-ray tomography inspection for fatigue in aluminum die castings,5) and optical inspection techniques for slabs,6,7) steel bar,8,9) billets,10) and silicon steel.11) Although the several studies mentioned above have achieved good performance and can effectively detect their respective defects, it is difficult to apply them directly to defect detection in thick plate surfaces because each of these methods is optimized for a Detection of Periodic Defects Using Dual-Light Switching Lighting Method on the Surface of Thick Plates