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It is well known that austenitic steels containing more than about 20 mass% of manganese exhibit characteristic mechanical properties, such as high elongation and ductility at room temperature.1–4) As the mechanical properties of these steels are often related with the formation of mechanical twins by deformation, these steels are called twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels. The mechanical properties,5–15) deformation mechanisms associated with stacking fault energies (SFE),16–23) the thermodynamic properties,24,25) and the microstructure26–31) of the TWIP steels have been extensively investigated. Since a stacking fault may act as an embryo of a twin, the SFE or the chemical composition of the alloying elements, such as manganese, carbon, silicon, and aluminum, is an important factor affecting the twinning processes caused by plastic deformation. The mechanical properties and possible mechanisms of twinning have been previously discussed in a review Characterization of Evolution of Microscopic Stress and Strain in High-Manganese Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel