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Ductile damage evolution is driven by plastic deformation which leads to the fracture of most metallic materials. It is well known that the basic mechanism of this ductile fracture involves three principal stages.1) The first stage consists of the nucleation of microvoids at the second-phase particles or at the interfaces between a matrix and them.2–5) The second stage consists of the growth of microvoids induced by the plastic stress and strain field. The third stage corresponds to the coalescence of the nucleated and grown voids which is resulted from the localization of the deformation and the interlinkages of the ligaments between adjacent voids. With technological advances in hardware and software of X-ray tomography technique, this final phenomenon can be clearly observed during in situ tensile test,5–7) as well as the first and the second stages.8,9) Recently, many experimental and modeling efforts with X-ray tomography have been made to better understand and predict the void nucleation in steels as well as light metals such as aluminum alloys which can be more clearly observed due to their higher X-ray transmissivity than steels. Maire et al.10) measured the number of voids per unit volume in a dual-phase steel during in situ tensile test. The acquired quantitative data has then used to validate a model of void nucleation based on the Argon criterion.11) It has been shown that the number of voids related to the local true strain and increased very strongly after necking. The critical In Situ Observation of Void Nucleation and Growth in a Steel using X-ray Tomography