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Pearlitic steels have the highest tensile strength among steel products, exceeding 5 GPa,1) obtained by loading high level stress through cold-drawing processes, and colddrawn pearlitic steel wires have been used in many industrial applications, such as suspension cables of bridges and automotive tire cords. Pearlitic steel is reinforced mainly by dislocation hardening and thinning of inter-lamellar spacing, which can be induced by strong plastic deformation. During the drawing process, non-uniform plastic deformation develops along the radial direction of the wire, and the wire surface undergoes more severe plastic deformation than the wire center.2–4) Moreover, the pearlitic lamellae become progressively aligned parallel to the drawing direction with increasing drawing strain;5,6) thereby, cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires exhibit anisotropic microstructure along the radial and axial directions. Consequently, cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires exhibit non-uniform and anisotropic features Distribution and Anisotropy of Dislocations in Cold-drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires Analyzed Using Micro-beam X-ray Diffraction