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CO2 emissions from steel industries make up approximately 15% of the total emissions in Japan. In particular, CO2 emissions from iron making processes, such as blast furnaces, coke ovens, and sintering machines, account for about 70% of all steel industry emissions1,2) since large amounts of carbonaceous materials, such as coke and pulverized coal, are used. These carbonaceous materials have essential roles: supplying heat and taking part in important reactions, such as reduction and carburization. Accordingly, a reduction in CO2 emissions from blast furnaces is urgently required to avoid global warming. A promising solution for CO2 reduction is the low reducing agent rate (RAR) operation of blast furnaces. However, the thickness of the coke layer decreases while the thickness of the ore layer increases under low RAR operation. These changes affect permeability, which is one of the most important factors for the stable operation of a furnace. Yabata et al. found that the pressure drops in all parts of the blast furnace increased with an increase in the pulverized coal rate (PCR) under a high PCR operation.3) Additionally, with a high rate injection of pulverized coal, a shell layer derived from the ash of pulverized coals was formed at the depth of the raceway in the blast furnace. This shell layer caused an accumulation of fine particles on the deadman surface and a local flood of droplets, which affected the permeability at lower parts of the blast furnace.4) Combustion Behavior of Pulverized Coal and Ash Particle Properties during Combustion