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Zn was electrodeposited galvanostatically on a steel sheet at 1500 A/m2 in an agitated sulfate solution of pH 2 at 40°C to investigate the effects of small amounts of Mo, W, or Sn additives on the morphology, crystal orientation and lightness of the deposited Zn. Neither Mo nor W codeposited with Zn, and both showed hardly any effect on the morphology of the deposited Zn. Mo and W increased the orientation of the (0001) plane of Zn, but did not change the overpotential for Zn deposition. Sn codeposited with Zn and, as a result, platelet crystals of Zn did not form. Sn increased the crystal orientation of the (0001) and (1013) planes of Zn as a result of a decrease in the overpotential for Zn deposition. The lightness of the deposited Zn depended on its crystal orientation and surface roughness. At a coating mass of 20 g/m2, Sn, Mo and W enhanced the lightness of Zn by increasing the orientation of its (0001) and (1013) planes. At higher coating masses, however, this enhancement in lightness disappeared as a result of the increase in surface roughness induced by the presence of the inorganic additives.

Effects of Small Amounts of Molybdenum, Tungsten, or Tin Additives on the Morphology and Orientation of Electrodeposited Zinc