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A standard colony weaning procedure to reduce distress and consequent diarrhea provides a nurse monkey to groups of four infants after separation from their mothers. The present study was designed to develop methods for evaluating this husbandry method. Four infants were separated from their mothers at 17-to-20 weeks, and caged with an unfamiliar adult female monkey (nurse) during one month of a two month study period. Weekly blood sampling for cortisol began one week before maternal separation. Infant behavior was scored from video tapes. In three infants, cortisol rose at separation from both the mother and the nurse. One infant had a high level of depressive behavior, which was significantly correlated with cortisol. It also lost 14% in body weight over the study period. Two other infants gained substantial weight, while a third had little weight change. The infant exhibiting the most locomotion and play showed neither cortisol rise nor depression. The data revealed marked between-infant variability in growth, behavior, cortisol, and behavior-cortisol associations following social separation. The results also suggest that infants can become attached to the nurse, with an adverse stress response occurring when they are separated from her. It was concluded that valid characterization of individual reactions to social loss for husbandry, psychological well-being, or scientific purposes requires both clinical symptom, physiological, and behavioral assessment.

Depressive Behavior and Serum Cortisol of Macaca fascicularis After Maternal Separation and Housing with a “Nurse”