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Copyright © 2015 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. important as well as being an interesting process for several reasons. First, rN burial to sediments is one of few links between two major N cycles that have very different time scales, i.e., the biogeochemical cycle in the biosphere and the geological cycle through the geosphere (Holloway and Dahlgren, 2002). In this sense, the burial rate of rN controls the exchange of N between the biosphere and geosphere. Second, the permanent burial of rN to sediments is closely coupled with that of organic carbon (OC) because coastal marine sediments usually contain OC and rN at a relatively constant atomic ratio of about 10:1 (e.g., chapter 11 of Burdige, 2006). This association suggests that the sequestration of OC into marine sediment is controlled by the burial rate of rN, or vice versa. This process is particularly remarkable in terms of the atmospheric CO2 budget because the permanent burial of marine OC (“blue carbon”) is now regarded as one of the most promising pathways of carbon sequestration (Nellemann et al., 2009). Third, the sequestration of rN to the sediment may play a quantitatively significant role in local rN budgets, especially in estuaries, mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass beds, where detrital organic matter with an OC:rN ratio much higher than 10:1 is abundant. Bacterial immobilization of ambient dissolved inAbiotic versus biotic immobilization of inorganic nitrogen in sediment as a potential pathway of nitrogen sequestration from coastal marine ecosystems